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Historical Medical Resources

Archeological digs have provided important clues about the ancient practice of medicine. Physicians were practicing medicine for pharaohs in ancient Egypt, dating as far back as 1500 B.C. Medicine progressed thanks to knowledge gained by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. In Western Europe, medical schools were created during the 14th century, enabling students to study under master physicians. During this time, the diagnosis of illness was fraught with superstition, and the Roman Catholic Church had a significant impact on medical care. During the American Civil War, illnesses and battle injuries led to new medical practices, medical equipment, and hospitalization systems.

While Civil War injuries forced advances in medical care, several people were instrumental in the progression of medicine during this time. Jonathan Letterman was involved in the creation of an ambulance system for transporting wounded soldiers. William A. Hammond, surgeon general of the Union army, worked to institute hygiene practices in hospitals. Clara Barton's efforts focused on field care for wounded soldiers as she brought medical supplies and care to the injured soldiers in their camps. Nursing was not a recognized profession at this time and nursing schools and nursing jobs were non-existent. Women began fulfilling this role, however, in their desire to serve during the war.

Today, hospitals deliver health care to the population at large. In the process of providing this care, nurses stand on the front lines, responsible for the majority of the hands-on care and assistance that patients receive. There are nursing schools throughout the country to educate students wishing to become nurses. After earning credentials, a variety of different nursing jobs await nurses.

Clara Barton and Nursing During the Civil War

• Timpanogos Intermediate School Social Studies Links - Find social studies resource links on this list, compiled for students.
• Clara Barton Facts and Observations - Nursing Schools - Jonathan Sprout offers historical information about Clara Barton.
• Civil War History and Information - Students can explore Civil War history with the resources provided on this informational website.
• Kid's Korner Educational Resources - Nursing Schools - This website lists a variety of educational links to assist children with homework and learning.
• Civil War Websites - Learn about battles, important military figures of the Civil War, and events that occurred during this conflict.
• Civil War Notes and Resources - Nursing Schools - Students can learn about the Civil War and important dates using information presented on this website.
• Commonwealth of Virginia Resource Page - Nursing Jobs and History Links - Explore links to learn about Virginia history, compiled by a teacher.
• Educational and Entertaining Resource Links - Children can learn in a fun and relaxed way using the links provided on this resource list.
• Grand Army of the Frontier Sutlers and Links - This web page contains a variety of informational links about sutlers and Civil War history.
• Hamblen County Civil War Resources and Information - Hamblen County offers an extensive list of resources to teach students about the Civil War.
• East Aurora High School American Civil War Resources - Nursing Jobs - Learn about this eventful conflict by visiting links included in this resource list.
• American Civil War Historical Links - This web page offers extensive resources to educate students about the American Civil War.
• General Information - Nursing Jobs - American Civil War - Explore this timeline of the American Civil War using the resources listed on this web page.
• American Civil War Links - Visit websites with photos and graphics to learn about the Civil War in an engaging way.
• The Evolution of Nursing - The National Women's History Museum provides comprehensive information about how nursing has evolved and changed over history.
• Civil War Nursing - Registered Nurse Jane Early has written a comprehensive report about Civil War nursing with information about how nursing was performed during this conflict.
• They Heard the Call of Duty: Civil War Nurses - During the Civil War, women answered the call of duty by serving as nurses to care for wounded soldiers.
• Georgeanna Woolsey : A Day in the Life of a Northern Nurse - Georgeanna Woolsey was a volunteer nurse who cared for wounded Union soldiers.
• Walt Whitman 1819 - 1892 - Walt Whitman was a male nurse who cared for Union soldiers during the Civil War.
• Whitman's Drum Taps and Washington's Civil War Hospitals - Walt Whitman's book of poetry called Drum Taps was inspired by his time serving as a Civil War nurse.
• Nursing during the US Civil War - Military nurses were untrained volunteers during the Civil War, offering the best care they could for wounded soldiers.
• A Brief History of the American Red Cross - Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross on May 21, 1881.
• Youngest Nurse in Civil War - Mary E. Squire was only 19 when she served as a Civil War nurse.
• History of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (PDF) - Nurses first gave anesthesia while caring for wounded soldiers during the Civil War.
• Clara Barton's Crusade to Bring the Red Cross to America - Clara Barton worked tirelessly during the Civil War to organize the system used to deliver medical care to wounded soldiers.
• Clara Barton - Founder of the American Red Cross - Clara Barton was successful in gaining permission to deliver first aid to wounded Union soldiers in their camps, but not on the battle field.
• Nursing Duty - Hannah Stevenson has the credit of being the first nurse to volunteer during the Civil War.
• The Northern Homefront - Clara Barton's efforts during the Civil War gave her the respect and position she needed to begin the American Red Cross in 1881.

Online Hospital Resources

• Health & Hospital Corporation Resources - Nursing Schools - Explore the variety of resource links included in this web page about general health, healthcare, and injury prevention.
• Penn State Field Opportunities - Resources for Nursing Jobs - Explore potential career opportunities with Penn State on this web page.
• Ensuring a Healthier Tomorrow - The American Hospital Association has the task of ensuring a strong health care system while controlling health care costs.
• Veteran's Health Administration - The Veteran's Health Administration provides health care services for veterans.
• Effective Communication in Hospitals - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services oversees communication and use of technology by which hospitals communicate.
• Quality of Patient Care - Brigham and Women's Hospital offers an overview of the patient care provided by this facility.
• Patient Care Advocacy - The University Hospitals Case Medical Center educates patients about the importance of advocacy for receiving quality care.